| #9027, aired 2024-01-30 | HARLEM HELLFIGHTERS $800: (Robin Roberts presents the clue.) When the U.S. entered World War I, some Black Americans enlisted thinking it would better their station in life; at the same time, President Woodrow Wilson was a supporter of having the armed forces enforce these segregation laws bearing the name of a stereotypical minstrel character Jim Crow |
| #9008, aired 2024-01-03 | WHERE'D YOU GO? $600: This "Great" northward move by Black Americans ramped up with the need for industrial workers in World War I the Great Migration |
| #8869, aired 2023-05-11 | NOTABLE BLACK AMERICANS $400: Called the first detective novel by a Black author, "The Conjure-Man Dies" by Rudolph Fisher is set in this Upper Manhattan area Harlem |
| #8869, aired 2023-05-11 | NOTABLE BLACK AMERICANS $800: In 1822, Black Nantucketer Absalom Boston captained an entirely Black crew scouring the seas in this profession whaling |
| #8869, aired 2023-05-11 | NOTABLE BLACK AMERICANS $1200: Subject of a biopic, this actress began in vaudeville before starring in films like "Carmen Jones" Dorothy Dandridge |
| #8869, aired 2023-05-11 | NOTABLE BLACK AMERICANS $1,400 (Daily Double): Known for skydiving while playing sax, aviator Hubert Julian went to fight for this African empire against Italy in the 1930s Ethiopia |
| #8869, aired 2023-05-11 | NOTABLE BLACK AMERICANS $1600: A note from Mary Ellen Pleasant, a millionaire & former slave, was found in the pocket of this abolitionist before his 1859 hanging John Brown |
| #8821, aired 2023-03-06 | STUDY: GUIDES $5,000 (Daily Double): From 1936 to 1967 this "colorful" guide aided African Americans in traveling safely during segregation the Green Book |
| #8815, aired 2023-02-24 | BLACK HISTORY $400: In 1930 "Don't buy where you can't work" was a slogan of this economic strategy vs. stores that wouldn't hire African Americans a boycott |
| #8748, aired 2022-11-23 | NOTABLE AFRICAN AMERICANS $1600: A decade before writing "Their Eyes Were Watching God", she was Barnard's first Black graduate (Zora Neale) Hurston |
| #7, aired 2022-02-11 | NOTABLE AFRICAN AMERICANS $1600: In 2021 President Biden mourned this first black Secretary of State as a "dear friend" Powell |
| #8504, aired 2021-11-04 | 19th CENTURY AFRICAN AMERICANS $800: In 1898 Black troops known as Buffalo Soldiers fought alongside the Rough Riders during the battle of this hill San Juan |
| #8415, aired 2021-06-04 | AFRICAN AMERICANS $400: Robert L. Johnson, the first African-American billionaire, launched this cable network back in 1980 BET (Black Entertainment Television) |
| #8326, aired 2021-02-01 | FAMOUS AMERICANS $1200: Marian Wright Edelman, the first Black woman admitted to the Mississippi bar, also founded the CDF, short for this the Children's Defense Fund |
| #8302, aired 2020-12-15 | AMERICAN HISTORY $3,500 (Daily Double): In 1832, hoping to reclaim land in Illinois, this Sauk leader led Native Americans against U.S. forces in a months-long war Black Hawk |
| #7863, aired 2018-11-14 | NOTABLE AFRICAN AMERICANS $800: Frank Petersen overcame fear of heights to be the Marine Corps' 1st black one of these, mastering the F-4 Phantom a pilot |
| #7600, aired 2017-09-29 | AFRICAN-AMERICAN HISTORY $1200: Abbreviated the CBC, it was formed by 13 African Americans elected to the U.S. House in 1970 the Congressional Black Caucus |
| #7563, aired 2017-06-28 | AFRICAN AMERICANS $1600: (I'm Melissa Harris-Perry.) My book "Barbershops, Bibles & BET" won a 2005 National Conference of Black Political Scientist Award named for this sociologist who helped create the NAACP in 1909 (W.E.B.) Du Bois |
| #7505, aired 2017-04-07 | HISTORIC AMERICANS $2000: The first Southern black woman elected to the house, she represented Texas from 1973 to 1979 (Barbara) Jordan |
| #7312, aired 2016-05-31 | NOTED AFRICAN AMERICANS $800: Harold Amos, the first black department chair at this Ivy League med school, taught there for nearly 50 years Harvard |
| #6917, aired 2014-10-14 | 19th CENTURY AMERICANS $1200: (Sarah of the Clue Clue reports from Deadwood, South Dakota.) This is what it looks like now, but in 1875, Deadwood was just a mining camp that sprung up after this lieutenant colonel & his 7th Cavalry found that the Black Hills were rich in gold (George Armstrong) Custer |
| #6454, aired 2012-10-11 | ALLITERATIVE AMERICANS $1200: In 1908, he became the first black heavyweight champion of the world Jack Johnson |
| #6390, aired 2012-06-01 | THE WRIGHT STUFF $1600: This author's "12 Million Black Voices" is a pictorial history of African Americans Richard Wright |
| #6268, aired 2011-12-14 | THE 1890s $600: In 1895 this black educator delivered the Atlanta Compromise speech about improving the lot of African Americans (Booker T.) Washington |
| #6084, aired 2011-02-10 | AFRICAN AMERICANS $1000: Representing Texas from 1973 to 1979, she was the first black woman from a Southern state to serve in Congress Barbara Jordan |
| #5852, aired 2010-02-09 | AFRICAN AMERICANS $1600: Carl Stokes, the first black mayor of a major U.S. city, was mayor of this Ohio metropolis from 1967 to 1971 Cleveland |
| #5682, aired 2009-04-28 | NATIVE AMERICANS $1600: In 1833 this leader of the Sac & Fox tribes for whom a war is named dictated his autobiography to Antoine LeClaire Black Hawk |
| #5332, aired 2007-11-13 | IT'S ALL BLACK & WHITE TO ME $800: "My fellow Americans", this black & white cocker spaniel gave its name to a 1952 speech Checkers |
| #4863, aired 2005-11-02 | NATIONAL HISTORIC SITES $600: Nicodemus in this "Jayhawk State" is the only remaining Western town founded by black Americans after Reconstruction Kansas |
| #4615, aired 2004-10-01 | AMERICANS IN PARIS $1000: During his self-exile, he voiced the strife of black Americans in books like 1961's "Nobody Knows My Name" James Baldwin |
| #4580, aired 2004-07-02 | FAMOUS AMERICANS $400: In 2002 he became the first non-black inductee to the Arkansas Black Hall of Fame Clinton |
| #4471, aired 2004-02-02 | NOTED BLACK AMERICANS $400: (Jimmy of the Clue Crew is holding an aluminum bat.) The first national winner of Hillerich & Bradsby's Silver Bat Award in 1949 was this Dodger second baseman Jackie Robinson |
| #4471, aired 2004-02-02 | NOTED BLACK AMERICANS $800: On Dec. 1st, 1955, 4 blacks were asked to move to the back of the bus in Montgomery; 3 did, she didn't Rosa Parks |
| #4471, aired 2004-02-02 | NOTED BLACK AMERICANS $1200: This big band leader won 3 Grammys for his work on the 1959 courtroom drama "Anatomy of a Murder" Duke Ellington |
| #4471, aired 2004-02-02 | NOTED BLACK AMERICANS $1600: The publisher of such abolitionist papers as North Star & New National Era, he later became a marshall in D.C. Frederick Douglass |
| #4471, aired 2004-02-02 | NOTED BLACK AMERICANS $2000: A junior high school in Harvey, Illinois is named for this "In the Mecca" poet Gwendolyn Brooks |
| #4378, aired 2003-09-24 | AFRICAN AMERICANS $400: In 1961 Fred Moore stood watch as the first black guard at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in this cemetery Arlington National Cemetery |
| #4138, aired 2002-09-04 | NOTED AFRICAN AMERICANS $1600: In 1993 she became the second Black American elected to serve in the U.S. Senate since Reconstruction Carol Moseley Braun |
| #3965, aired 2001-11-23 | CELEBRATED AFRICAN-AMERICANS $200: By any means necessary, tell us the name of this black leader seen here Malcolm X |
| #3894, aired 2001-07-05 | BLACK AMERICANS $200: In October 1989, at age 52, he became the youngest man ever to serve as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Colin Powell |
| #3894, aired 2001-07-05 | BLACK AMERICANS $400: His first Oscar nomination was for playing escaped convict Noah Cullen in "The Defiant Ones" Sidney Poitier |
| #3894, aired 2001-07-05 | BLACK AMERICANS $600: Madame C.J. Walker became the USA's first black female millionaire with a method of doing this to hair straightening |
| #3894, aired 2001-07-05 | BLACK AMERICANS $800: This poet was born Marguerite Johnson in St. Louis, Missouri on April 4, 1928 Maya Angelou |
| #3894, aired 2001-07-05 | BLACK AMERICANS $1000: In May 1851 she gave her most famous speech, "Ain't I a Woman?", to a women's rights convention in Akron Sojourner Truth |
| #3799, aired 2001-02-22 | AFRICAN AMERICANS $200: Bessie Coleman, seen here on a Black Heritage stamp, traveled to Europe to earn this type of license a pilot's license |
| #3523, aired 1999-12-22 | BLACK AMERICANS $100: In 1940 he won the NCAA title in the broad jump; 7 years later, he joined the Brooklyn Dodgers Jackie Robinson |
| #3523, aired 1999-12-22 | BLACK AMERICANS $200: In 1896 he became director of agriculture at the Tuskegee Institute George Washington Carver |
| #3523, aired 1999-12-22 | BLACK AMERICANS $300: In 1952 she made her opera debut in "Four Saints in Three Acts", which led to her playing Bess in "Porgy and Bess" Leontyne Price |
| #3523, aired 1999-12-22 | BLACK AMERICANS $400: On March 11, 1959 her "A Raisin in the Sun" became the first play on Broadway written by a black woman Lorraine Hansberry |
| #3523, aired 1999-12-22 | BLACK AMERICANS $500: Robert Peary's companion on several Arctic trips, he wrote the 1912 book "A Negro Explorer at the North Pole" Matthew Henson |
| #3482, aired 1999-10-26 | GIVE ME A "HAND" $500: In 1941 this "Father of the Blues" wrote a book on black musicians, "Unsung Americans Sung" W.C. Handy |
| #3479, aired 1999-10-21 | BLACK AMERICANS $100: In May 1999 he won the release of 3 U.S. soldiers held captive in Serbia Rev. Jesse Jackson |
| #3479, aired 1999-10-21 | BLACK AMERICANS $200: During the 1996 Summer Olympics, this boxer was given a new gold medal to replace one from 1960 Muhammad Ali (Cassius Clay) |
| #3479, aired 1999-10-21 | BLACK AMERICANS $300: In 1998 this poet & author made her directorial debut with the movie "Down in the Delta" Maya Angelou |
| #3479, aired 1999-10-21 | BLACK AMERICANS $400: It's no secret, she was the first black model featured on a Victoria's Secret catalog cover Tyra Banks |
| #3479, aired 1999-10-21 | BLACK AMERICANS $500: He formed his famous New York dance theater company in 1958 with a troupe of only 8 dancers Alvin Ailey |
| #3386, aired 1999-05-03 | BLACK AMERICANS $200: (Hi, I'm Star Jones of "The View". One of my personal heroes is) this man (who) in 1989 was the first African-American to be named chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Colin Powell |
| #3386, aired 1999-05-03 | BLACK AMERICANS $400: In 1997 Will Smith "rapped" up the year by marrying this actress Jada Pinkett |
| #3386, aired 1999-05-03 | BLACK AMERICANS $600: This junior, the son of a famous activist & clergyman, represents parts of Chicago in Congress Jesse Jackson, Jr. |
| #3386, aired 1999-05-03 | BLACK AMERICANS $800: This "Invisible Man" author was perhaps destined to become a writer; he was named for Emerson Ralph Ellison |
| #3386, aired 1999-05-03 | BLACK AMERICANS $1000: While a member of the Robert Peary expedition in 1909, he became the first African-American to reach the North Pole Matthew Henson |
| #3239, aired 1998-10-08 | BLACK AMERICANS $200: This author of "Soul On Ice" was minister of information for the Black Panthers in the 1960s Eldridge Cleaver |
| #3239, aired 1998-10-08 | BLACK AMERICANS $400: On March 31, 1870 in Perth Amboy in this state, Thomas Peterson became the first black to vote in the U.S. New Jersey |
| #3239, aired 1998-10-08 | BLACK AMERICANS $800: During World War II, this American-born dancer worked with the French resistance Josephine Baker |
| #3239, aired 1998-10-08 | BLACK AMERICANS $1000: In 1914 this "Father of the Blues" wrote his "St. Louis Blues" W.C. Handy |
| #3239, aired 1998-10-08 | BLACK AMERICANS $2,000 (Daily Double): In 1965 these 2 Nobel Peace Prize winners participated in the Selma to Montgomery March Martin Luther King & Ralph Bunche |
| #3174, aired 1998-05-21 | BLACK AMERICANS $100: In 1989, at age 52, he became the youngest man ever to serve as chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Colin Powell |
| #3174, aired 1998-05-21 | BLACK AMERICANS $200: This Montgomery seamstress was thrown off a bus one other time before her famous Dec. 1, 1955 incident Rosa Parks |
| #3174, aired 1998-05-21 | BLACK AMERICANS $300: This author of "I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings" won the NAACP's Spingarn Medal in 1994 Maya Angelou |
| #3174, aired 1998-05-21 | BLACK AMERICANS $400: This TV talk show host, seen here, once served as a Navy intelligence officer Montel Williams |
| #3174, aired 1998-05-21 | BLACK AMERICANS $500: Once White House director of public liaison, she became the USA's first black Secretary of Labor in 1997 Alexis Herman |
| #3169, aired 1998-05-14 | AFRICAN-AMERICANS $100: In 1964 he became the first black American to be named Time's "Man of the Year" Martin Luther King Jr. |
| #3100, aired 1998-02-06 | AFRICAN AMERICANS $100: About 200,000 black soldiers served in the Civil War on this side Union |
| #3087, aired 1998-01-20 | AFRICAN AMERICANS $200: Spike Lee chronicled the life of this black activist in a 1992 film Malcolm X |
| #3087, aired 1998-01-20 | AFRICAN AMERICANS $600: The late Ron Brown was the first black American to head this cabinet department Commerce |
| #3035, aired 1997-11-07 | BLACK AMERICANS $200: This agricultural scientist treated polio victims with peanut oil & massages George Washington Carver |
| #3035, aired 1997-11-07 | BLACK AMERICANS $400: In 1994 this "Color Purple" author was recognized by California for being a "state treasure" Alice Walker |
| #3035, aired 1997-11-07 | BLACK AMERICANS $600: This abolitionist & publisher of "The North Star" ran a station of the Underground Railroad in Rochester Frederick Douglass |
| #3035, aired 1997-11-07 | BLACK AMERICANS $800: On Feb. 20, 1996 former Congressman Kweisi Mfume was sworn in as head of this organization NAACP |
| #3035, aired 1997-11-07 | BLACK AMERICANS $2,000 (Daily Double): In 1933 this future Supreme Court justice was first in his class at Howard University Law School Thurgood Marshall |
| #2960, aired 1997-06-13 | NONFICTION $1000: While in prison Eldridge Cleaver wrote this 1968 book on the problems confronting black Americans Soul on Ice |
| #2933, aired 1997-05-07 | FAMOUS AMERICANS $2,500 (Daily Double): He painted the portrait seen here: James Whistler (Whistler's Mother) |
| #2914, aired 1997-04-10 | BLACK AMERICANS $200: This one-time black Muslim leader was assassinated February 21, 1965 in New York City Malcolm X |
| #2914, aired 1997-04-10 | BLACK AMERICANS $400: This orator was born in 1817 in Tuckahoe, Maryland, the son of slave Harriet Bailey Frederick Douglass |
| #2914, aired 1997-04-10 | BLACK AMERICANS $600: This former surgeon general interned at the University of Minnesota Hospital Joycelyn Elders |
| #2914, aired 1997-04-10 | BLACK AMERICANS $800: In 1988 this novelist won a Pulitzer Prize for her book "Beloved" Toni Morrison |
| #2914, aired 1997-04-10 | BLACK AMERICANS $1000: This winner of the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize was a star on UCLA's basketball team in the 1920s Ralph Bunche |
| #2835, aired 1996-12-20 | BLACK AMERICANS $200: At 6' 5" this former Phoenix Suns player is the shortest ever to lead the NBA in rebounding Charles Barkley |
| #2835, aired 1996-12-20 | BLACK AMERICANS $400: In 1963 this future mayor became the first black politician to win a seat on the L.A. city council Tom Bradley |
| #2835, aired 1996-12-20 | BLACK AMERICANS $600: This Underground Railroad conductor served as a spy for the Union in the Civil War Harriet Tubman |
| #2835, aired 1996-12-20 | BLACK AMERICANS $800: In 1888 a Boston monument was erected to honor this man & 4 others who died in the Boston Massacre Crispus Attucks |
| #2835, aired 1996-12-20 | BLACK AMERICANS $1000: This Illinois Democrat joined the Senate Judiciary Committee after the Clarence Thomas hearings Carol Moseley-Braun |
| #2767, aired 1996-09-17 | BLACK AMERICANS $200: In 1994 Beverly Harvard became this Georgia capital's first black female police chief Atlanta |
| #2767, aired 1996-09-17 | BLACK AMERICANS $400: Saying he'd not yet heard the "calling", this retired general declined to run for president in 1996 Colin Powell |
| #2767, aired 1996-09-17 | BLACK AMERICANS $600: On Feb. 2, 1996 these 2 M.J.s went head-to-head for the first time since the '91 NBA Finals Magic Johnson & Michael Jordan |
| #2767, aired 1996-09-17 | BLACK AMERICANS $800: He filled the Supreme Court seat vacated by Thurgood Marshall Clarence Thomas |
| #2767, aired 1996-09-17 | BLACK AMERICANS $1000: "Seven Guitars" is the seventh in a series of dramas by this "Piano Lesson" playwright August Wilson |
| #2729, aired 1996-06-13 | NATIVE AMERICANS $800: This leader of an 1832 "war" was allowed to return to his people in Iowa but couldn't be a chief Black Hawk |
| #2706, aired 1996-05-13 | HEALTH & MEDICINE $800: James Herrick was the first to identify this blood disorder that afflicts many black Americans sickle cell anemia |
| #2680, aired 1996-04-05 | ANCIENT AMERICANS $500: Almost 400 workshops for this black volcanic glass have been discovered in Teotihuacan Obsidian |
| #2632, aired 1996-01-30 | NATIVE AMERICANS $100: The Algonquians gave us the name for this black animal with white stripes down its back Skunk |
| #2613, aired 1996-01-03 | FAMOUS AMERICANS $1000: Her "A Raisin in the Sun" was the first Broadway play written by a black woman Lorraine Hansberry |
| #2580, aired 1995-11-17 | BLACK AMERICANS $200: She's Jackie Joyner-Kersee's famous sister-in-law Florence Griffith Joyner |
| #2580, aired 1995-11-17 | BLACK AMERICANS $400: In 1877 this orator was appointed marshal for the District of Columbia Frederick Douglass |
| #2580, aired 1995-11-17 | BLACK AMERICANS $500 (Daily Double): The "Voice of Harlem"; he served in the House of Representatives from 1945-67 & 1969-1970 Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. |
| #2580, aired 1995-11-17 | BLACK AMERICANS $600: In 1995 Ron Kirk was elected the first black mayor of this Texas city Dallas |
| #2580, aired 1995-11-17 | BLACK AMERICANS $800: This author of "Jazz" & "Tar Baby" was the first black American to win the Nobel Prize in Literature Toni Morrison |
| #2548, aired 1995-10-04 | BLACK AMERICANS $200: His 1984 hit "I Just Called To Say I Love You" was his first to reach No. 1 in both the U.S. & U.K. Stevie Wonder |
| #2548, aired 1995-10-04 | BLACK AMERICANS $400: This agriculturist's 1894 college thesis was entitled "Plants as Modified by Man" George Washington Carver |
| #2548, aired 1995-10-04 | BLACK AMERICANS $600: In 1973 this poet was nominated for a Tony for her role in the play "Look Away" Maya Angelou |
| #2548, aired 1995-10-04 | BLACK AMERICANS $800: In 1972 this Brooklyn congresswoman campaigned for the Democratic presidential nomination Shirley Chisholm |
| #2548, aired 1995-10-04 | BLACK AMERICANS $1000: He served as executive director of the National Urban League from 1972 to 1981 Vernon Jordan |
| #2473, aired 1995-05-10 | NEWSPAPERS & MAGAZINES $200: This general-interest magazine for black Americans shares its name with a kind of wood Ebony |
| #2463, aired 1995-04-26 | FAMOUS AMERICANS $400: As president-elect in 1980, Ronald Reagan appointed her U.S. Representative to the United Nations Jeane Kirkpatrick |
| #2435, aired 1995-03-17 | BLACK AMERICANS $200: In 1993 this Phoenix Suns player was named the NBA's Most Valuable Player Charles Barkley |
| #2435, aired 1995-03-17 | BLACK AMERICANS $400: In 1968 this Black Panther Minister of Information published the book "Soul on Ice" Eldridge Cleaver |
| #2435, aired 1995-03-17 | BLACK AMERICANS $600: In 1955 she became the first black singer to perform opera on TV when she appeared in "Tosca" on NBC Leontyne Price |
| #2435, aired 1995-03-17 | BLACK AMERICANS $1000: On Aug. 30, 1983 he became the first black American astronaut to travel in space Guion Bluford, Jr. |
| #2435, aired 1995-03-17 | BLACK AMERICANS $1,800 (Daily Double): From 1955 to 1971, this statesman served as an undersecretary of the U.N. Ralph Bunche |
| #2341, aired 1994-11-07 | FAMOUS AMERICANS $600: As well as 325 products from peanuts, this black scientist developed several from soybeans & pecans George Washington Carver |
| #2279, aired 1994-06-30 | BLACK AMERICA $600: In 1945 this educator became the 1st Black person elected to the Hall of Fame for Great Americans Booker T. Washington |
| #2238, aired 1994-05-04 | NATIVE AMERICANS $600: A city on Lake Winnebago in this state is named for Oshkosh, an American ally in the Black Hawk War Wisconsin |
| #2016, aired 1993-05-17 | MAGAZINES $600: This magazine for Black Americans was founded in Chicago in 1945 by John H. Johnson Ebony |
| #2011, aired 1993-05-10 | BLACK AMERICA $200: The 15th Amendment, adopted in 1870, gave black Americans this right right to vote |
| #1737, aired 1992-03-03 | AWARDS $200: The Spingarn Medal honoring achievements by black Americans is awarded by this organization the NAACP |
| #1716, aired 1992-02-03 | BLACK HISTORY $400: Speaking before the Democratic Nat'l Convention in 1988, he urged Americans to "keep hope alive" Jesse Jackson |
| #1192, aired 1989-11-07 | FAMOUS AMERICANS $600: Before he was appointed in 1937, the U.S. Supreme Court had only had 1 Brown, 2 Whites, & a Gray Hugo Black |
| #1173, aired 1989-10-11 | BLACK AMERICANS $200: To date, he's the only black tennis player to win the Wimbledon men's singles title (Arthur) Ashe |
| #1173, aired 1989-10-11 | BLACK AMERICANS $400: Matthew Henson, this explorer's assistant, was the 1st black American to reach the North Pole (Robert) Peary |
| #1173, aired 1989-10-11 | BLACK AMERICANS $500 (Daily Double): The 1st black woman in Congress, she represented New York's 12th district from 1969-83 Shirley Chisholm |
| #1173, aired 1989-10-11 | BLACK AMERICANS $600: With $800 borrowed from his family, this songwriter founded Motown Records Berry Gordy Jr. |
| #1173, aired 1989-10-11 | BLACK AMERICANS $1000: In 1968 this Baptist minister succeeded Martin Luther King Jr. as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference Ralph Abernathy |
| #1171, aired 1989-10-09 | MONUMENTS $2,250 (Daily Double): 1 of 2 black Americans whose birthplaces in Virginia & Missouri are designated national monuments 1 of (Booker T. Washington or George Washington Carver) |
| #523, aired 1986-12-10 | BACK-UP GROUPS $800: After first backing Jay Traynor, they backed Jay Black the Americans |
| #286, aired 1985-10-14 | FOREIGN PHRASES $200: Spanish for "black", it's a term Americans now seldom use for Blacks negro |
| #282, aired 1985-10-08 | ORGANIZATIONS $400: It was formed on Lincoln's birthday in 1909 to improve living conditions of Black Americans NAACP |
